Factors predisposing to Osteoarthritis(OA)
- Obesity: Predicts later risk of radiological and symptomatic OA of the hip and hand in population studies
- Heredity: Familial tendency to develop nodal and generalized OA
- Gender: Polyarticular OA is more common in women; a higher prevalence after the menopause suggests a role for sex hormones
- Hypermobility : Increased range of joint motion and reduced stability lead to OA
- Osteoporosis: There is a reduced risk of OA
- Diseases
- Pre-existing joint damage:
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Gout
- Spondyloarthritis
- Septic arthritis
- Paget’s disease
- Avascular necrosis
- corticosteroid therapy
- Metabolic disease:
- Chondrocalcinosis
- Hereditary haemochromatosis
- Acromegaly
- Systemic diseases:
- Haemophilia – recurrent haemarthrosis
- Haemoglobinopathies, e.g. sickle cell disease
- Neuropathies
- Pre-existing joint damage:
- Trauma: A fracture through any joint. Meniscal and cruciate ligament tears cause OA of the knee
- Congenital joint dysplasia: Alters joint biomechanics and leads to OA. Mild acetabular dysplasia is common and leads to earlier onset of hip OA
- Joint congruity: Congenital dislocation of the hip or a
slipped femoral epiphysis or Perthes’ disease; osteonecrosis of the femoral head in children and adolescents causes early-onset OA - Occupation: Miners develop OA of the hip, knee and shoulder, cotton workers OA of the hand, and farmers OA of the hip
- Sport: Repetitive use and injury in some sports causes a high incidence of lower-limb OA.
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