Nephrology Notes

What are the key areas covered in Nephrology?

Some of the key areas covered in nephrology include:

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): This is a sudden and rapid loss of kidney function due to damage or injury to the kidneys, which can be caused by various medical conditions or medications.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): This is a progressive and irreversible loss of kidney function over time, usually due to long-term damage to the kidneys. CKD can lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which requires dialysis or kidney transplantation for survival.

Glomerular diseases: These are diseases that affect the tiny blood vessels in the kidneys called glomeruli, which can lead to proteinuria, hematuria, and decreased kidney function.

Tubular diseases: These are diseases that affect the tubules in the kidneys, which can lead to electrolyte imbalances, acid-base disorders, and impaired kidney function.

Renal stone disease: This refers to the formation of stones in the kidneys or urinary tract, which can cause pain, infection, and damage to the kidneys.

Hypertension: High blood pressure can cause damage to the kidneys over time, leading to CKD and ESRD.

Fluid and electrolyte disorders: Nephrologists are trained to manage disorders of fluid and electrolyte balance in the body, which can be caused by various medical conditions or medications.

Dialysis and kidney transplantation: Nephrologists are involved in the management of patients with ESRD who require dialysis or kidney transplantation for survival.

Systemic diseases affecting the kidneys: Many systemic diseases, such as diabetes, lupus, and vasculitis, can affect the kidneys and require specialized management by nephrologists.