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Endocrine System Mnemonics
These 34 MNEMONICS will be useful for you to remember the hormones in the endocrine system. In this article, we’ve listed the most useful mnemonics for the endocrine system.
1) 7 products in the Anterior Pituitary
FLAT PEG Mnemonic for Anterior Pituitary Hormones is one of the most popular and useful mnemonics.
“FLAT PEG“
-
- Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
- Lutinizing hormone (LH)
- Adrenocorticotropin hormone (aCTH)
- Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
- Prolactin
- Endorphins
- Growth hormone (GH)
2) Adrenal cortex layers and products
“Go Find Rex, Make Good Sex”
-
- Layers :
- Glomerulosa
- Fasiculata
- Reticulata
- Respective products :
- Mineralcorticoids
- Glucocorticoids
- Sex hormones
- Layers :
3) Anterior Pituitary hormones
“FLAG TOP“
-
- FSH – Follicle stimulating hormone
- LH – Luteinizing hormone
- ACTH – Adrenocorticotropic hormone
- GH – Growth hormone
- TSH – Thyroid-stimulating hormone
- MSH – MelanOcyte Stimulating Hormone
- Prolactin3
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4) Progesterone actions
“PROGESTE“
- Produce cervical mucous
- Relax uterine smooth muscle
- Oxycotin sensitivity down
- Gonadotropin [FSH, LH] secretions down
- Endometrial spiral arteries and secretions up
- Sustain pregnancy
- Temperature up / Tit development
- Excitability of myometrium down
5) Hyperthyroidism Signs and Symptoms
“THYROIDISM“
- Tremor
- Heart rate up
- Yawning [fatigability]
- Restlessness
- Oligomenorrhea & amenorrhea
- Intolerance to heat
- Diarrhea
- Irritability
- Sweating
- Muscle wasting & weight loss
6) Cause of Hypercalcemia
“SHIFT” in Calcium
- Sarcoidosis and other granulomatous diseases
- Hyperparathyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Hypervitaminosis A, and D.
- Immobilization (increased bone resorption)
- Familial (Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia)
- Tumors, Thiazide diuretics, LiThium
7) Clinical features of Cushing’s Syndrome
”MOON FACIES”
- Menstrual disorders
- Osteopenia or Osteoporosis
- Obesity (Central distribution of fat)
- Neurosis (depression or psychosis)
- Face (Plethora, hirsutism, acne)
- Altered muscle physiology (proximal muscle weakness)
- Supra-Clavicular and Dorso-Cervical fat pads.
- Infection
- Elevated blood pressure
- Skin (Easy bruisability)
Click the button below to learn more endocrine system mnemonics and mnemonics in other body systems.
8) Hyperthyroidism Signs and Symptoms
“MOM’S SO TIRED“
- Memory loss
- Obesity
- Malar flush/ Menorrhagia
- Slowness (mentally and physically)
- Skin and hair dryness
- Onset gradual
- Tiredness
- Intolerance to cold
- Raised BP
- Energy levels fall
- Depression/ Delayed relaxation of reflexes
9) Causes of Addison’s disease / Adrenal insufficiency
“ADDISON“
- Autoimmune (Addison’s disease)
- Degenerative (amyloidosis)
- Drugs (e.g. ketoconazole)
- Infections (e.g. TB, HIV)
- Secondary (hypopituitarism)
- Others (adrenal bleeding)
- Neoplasia
10) Pheochromocytoma
“Rule of 10’s”
- 10% extra-abdominal
- 10% malignant
- 10% bilateral
- 10% in children
- BUT 30% genetic/syndromic!
11) Pheochromocytoma – 8Ps of presentation
- Pallor (NOT flushing)
- Perspiration
- Panic
- Pain (headache)
- Postural dizziness
- Panic attack
- Palpitations
- Paradoxical hypertension in the setting of beta-receptor blockers
12) Insulinoma
“Rule of 10’s”
- 10% are part of MEN1 syndrome
- 10% are multiple
- 10% are malignant
- 10% contain ectopic pancreatic tissue
13) Acute Pancreatitis
”I GET SMASHED”
- Idiopathic
- Gallstones
- Ethanol
- Trauma
- Steroids
- Mumps, Malignancy (Pancreatic cancer)
- Autoimmune
- Scorpion sting
- Hypercalcemia, Hypertriglyceridemia (Usually more than 1000mg/dL)
- ERCP
- Drugs (GLP-1 agonists)
14) Causes of hypoglycemia
”FEELING Dizzy”
- False hypoglycemia (pseudohypoglycemia not meeting Whipple’s criteria)
- Exogenous (insulin or insulin secretagogue)
- Ethanol
- Liver failure
- Immune dysfunction (stimulating anti-insulin antibodies)
- Neoplastic (Insulinoma or Sarcomas producing IGF-2)
- Glandular dysfunction (Pituitary insufficiency, Adrenal insufficiency)
- Drugs (quinolones, pentamidine, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors)
15) Causes of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (6 Is)
- Infection (urinary or respiratory tract infections)
- Insulinopenia (absolute in type 1 diabetes, relative in type 2 diabetes)
- Infarction (silent myocardial infarction)
- Injury (significant trauma or stress)
- Index presentation (newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes)
- Issues of adherence to insulin therapy
16) Adrenal gland functions
“ACTH“
- Adrenergic functions
- Catabolism of proteins/ Carbohydrate metabolism
- T cell immunomodulation
- Hyper/ Hypotension (blood pressure control)
17) Aldosterone: regulation of secretion from adrenal cortex
“RNAs“
- Renin-angiotensin mechanism
- Na concentraton in blood
- ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)
- Stress
18) Causes of Gynecomastia
”MAKE BREAST“
- Marijuana
- Alcohol
- Klinefelter syndrome
- Estrogen excess
- Baby (circulating maternal estrogens)
- Receptor blockers (Ketoconazole, calcium channel blockers, H2 Blockers)
- Elderly
- Antineoplastic agents (alkylating agents)
- Spironolactone
- Tumors (adrenal or testicular)
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19) Hyperthyroidism Signs and Symptoms
“MOM’S SO TIRED“
- Memory loss
- Obesity
- Malar flush/ Menorrhagia
- Slowness (mentally and physically)
- Skin and hair dryness
- Onset gradual
- Tiredness
- Intolerance to cold
- Raised BP
- Energy levels fall
- Depression/ Delayed relaxation of reflexes
20) Causes of Addison’s disease / Adrenal insufficiency
“ADDISON“
- Autoimmune (Addison’s disease)
- Degenerative (amyloidosis)
- Drugs (e.g. ketoconazole)
- Infections (e.g. TB, HIV)
- Secondary (hypopituitarism)
- Others (adrenal bleeding)
- Neoplasia
21) Pheochromocytoma
“Rule of 10’s”
- 10% extra-abdominal
- 10% malignant
- 10% bilateral
- 10% in children
- BUT 30% genetic/syndromic!
22) Pheochromocytoma – 8Ps of presentation
- Pallor (NOT flushing)
- Perspiration
- Panic
- Pain (headache)
- Postural dizziness
- Panic attack
- Palpitations
- Paradoxical hypertension in the setting of beta-receptor blockers
23) Insulinoma
“Rule of 10’s”
- 10% are part of MEN1 syndrome
- 10% are multiple
- 10% are malignant
- 10% contain ectopic pancreatic tissue
24) Adrenal gland functions
“ACTH“
- Adrenergic functions
- Catabolism of proteins/ Carbohydrate metabolism
- T cell immunomodulation
- Hyper/ Hypotension (blood pressure control)
25) Aldosterone: regulation of secretion from adrenal cortex
“RNAs“
- Renin-angiotensin mechanism
- Na concentraton in blood
- ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)
- Stress
Click the button below to learn more endocrine system mnemonics and mnemonics in other body systems.
26) Glucagon function
“Mr. Gluca has Gone to the cAMP to bring out some Glucose“:
- Glucagon elevates glucose by cAMP mechanism.
27) We can remember when glucagon levels are high because…?
It is secreted when GLUCose is “GONe”
28) Testicular hormones
“I ATE“
- Inhibin
- Androgens
- Testosterone
- Estrogen
29) Ovarian hormones
“PIE“
- Progesterone
- Inhibin
- Estradiol
30) Steroid Hormones
“PET CAT“
- Progesterone
- Estrogen
- Testosterone (androgens)
- Cortisol (glucococorticoids)
- Aldosterone
- Thyroid
31) Tyrosine derivative hormones
“DENT“
- Dopamine
- EPI
- NE
- Thyroxine (T4 and T3)
32) Anabolic hormone
“TIG“
- Testosterone
- Insulin
- GH
33) Catabolic hormone
“CAT G“
- Cortisol
- Adrenaline( EPI)
- Thyroid
- Glucagon
34) Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
“MUDPILES“
MUDPILES is a good mnemonic for recalling the causes of high anion gap metabolic acidosis.
- Methanol
- Uremia
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- Propylene Glycol
- Isoniazid
- Lactic Acidosis
- Ethylene Glycol
- Salicylates
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